2nd SEMESTER KEY TERMS
Final Exam Key Terms To Know
Artifacts: Old objects like tools, jewelry or weapons that help people today understand what the people were like who owned them.
Archaeologist: A person who learns about people from long ago by studying and finding artifacts by digging where people used to live.
Culture: The way people lived, worked and what they believed.
Paleolithic Age or Old Stone Age: 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. People used stone tools and there were large amounts of moving ice called glaciers, called the Ice Age.
Neolithic or New Stone Age: 8000 B.C. to 3000 B.C. People learned to make pots, grow food, raise animals and use better stone tools.
Homosapiens: The name used for people today.
Nomads/Hunter-gatherers: People who moved around all the time looking for food.
Neolithic Revolution: People start planting food (instead of just taking the food that grew normally) and having animals live with them (dogs, horses, goats, pigs).
Shrine: A place where religious objects are kept
Cro-Magnon: People who lived long ago whose skeletons are the same as today’s people. They were hunters and talked to each other.
Artisans: People who learned how to do special work by hand like making jewelry, weapons, tools or pottery.
Institution: Organization such as a government, religion, and economy which has rules to keep order.
Civilization: A way of life with cities, workers who are trained, institutions, people who write things down, new tools and ways to solve problems.
Specialization: To be able to do one kind of work really well like teacher, soldier, priest or farmer.
Bronze Age: People use bronze instead of copper or stone to make weapons or tools. It started 3000 B.C.
City-State or Polis: It was like its own country with its own government but had the same religion and culture of the people outside it.
Dynasty: When rulers or kings pass the job of ruling the country down to their sons.
Mummification: To take a body and make it a mummy using chemicals and drying it.
Hieroglyphics: Using pictures instead of words.
Feudalism: Type of government where lords or nobles are given land and the lords are loyal to the king and give him military help. The lords also protect the people living on their lands.
Migration: The moving of a group of people from one place to a different place to live.
Monotheism: To have only one God in the religion.
Tribute: The money paid to stronger country so it won’t attack your country.
Bureaucracy: The people who run the government.
Autocracy: A type of government where one person has all the power and everyone else has to do what he says.
Monarchy: A king or queen rules the country.
Aristocracy: A group of very rich people run the government in some city-states.
Oligarchy: A few rich and powerful people run the country.
Democracy: All people (usually just men) vote or make the choices for the country.
Civil War: A war between different groups of people in the same country.
Inflation: The money in the country is worth less and you have to pay a lot more money to buy the same things.
Religious Tolerance: People think everyone has a right to their own religion and it’s ok to have a different religion than yours.
Monopoly: One group of people owns all of some type of goods (like salt, alcohol or phone service) and you can only buy the goods from this group.
Centralized Government: A government that makes all the rules and people have to follow them.
Assimilation: To change your beliefs, values and language to be the same as the people in the new country you moved to.
Extended Family: To include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins with the parents and children to make a family.
Ice Age: From 1.6 million to 10,000 B.C. large moving ice moved south from the Artic Circle (top of the globe) and made parts of the ocean solid so people could walk over it to different countries.
Gentry: People with power and money who are also called upper class.
Foreign Trade: Trading food or other things with other countries.
Middle Ages: From 500 to 1500 A.D. was the medieval period after the Roman Empire stopped. In Europe, it caused many problems, knights fought and the church came much stronger.
Canon Law: The church made laws and had courts to deal with marriage and religious things.
Guild: A group of people who did the same kind of work.
Bubonic Plague: A disease that killed 25 million European people, caused high fever, painful swelling and purple or black spots on peoples’ skin. It was also called the Black Death and killed millions more people in Asia and Africa.
Matrilineal: The family is traced by the mothers instead of by fathers.
Renaissance: From 1300 to 1600 A.D. in Europe, people wrote books, made art and learned new things.
Colony: A land that is ruled by another country. The United States used to be a colony of England.
Slavery: People would be taken from their country and sold to people in another country to work for them.
Capitalism: People can make their own businesses to make money.
Mercantilism: The country that has the most money has the most power.
Skepticism: The idea that you can’t believe that anything is the truth.
Constitutional Monarchy: The kings and queens don’t make the rules, the Parliament does.
Enlightenment: People used science to understand why people act the way they do.
Boycott: People will not buy goods because they want something to change.
Federal System: Both the states and the country divided the power.
Revolution: To take over a government and change to a new government, usually using war or force.
Blockade: Have the ports where the ships come in blocked so the people couldn’t get things they needed.
Nationalism: People would only be with people who have the same history or culture. They didn’t want kings from another culture telling them what to do.
Romanticism: 1800’s people used emotion instead of science to change the government to democracy. It valued the regular people, not the rich people and focused on people’s feelings and the supernatural (ghosts, witches).
Realism: This showed life the way it is, not the way it should be in the 1850’s. Many workers from factories were poor and cameras were invented.
Industrial Revolution: Most of the goods were made in factories and by machines.
Democracy: The people who make the laws are picked by voting of the regular people.
Assembly Line: A line of workers who put one piece on a good (such as a car) to make the whole good.
Imperialism: A country that takes over another country and makes the people have the same beliefs and government as the country that took it over.
Racism: Thinking that one ethnic group (Hispanic, African American, White) is better than another ethnic group.
Annexation: To add land to a country.
Propaganda: Information that only persuades people to support one thing (like war).
Totalitarianism: The government has control over everything. The people don’t make any decisions.
Depression: People lose money and jobs; and goods are worth less money.
Fascism: The belief that people should be loyal to their country and countries need to fight because peaceful countries just get taken over by fighting countries. The government is ruled by a dictator (one person) who tells the people what to do.
Genocide: Killing of all people of a certain race or religion
Artifacts: Old objects like tools, jewelry or weapons that help people today understand what the people were like who owned them.
Archaeologist: A person who learns about people from long ago by studying and finding artifacts by digging where people used to live.
Culture: The way people lived, worked and what they believed.
Paleolithic Age or Old Stone Age: 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. People used stone tools and there were large amounts of moving ice called glaciers, called the Ice Age.
Neolithic or New Stone Age: 8000 B.C. to 3000 B.C. People learned to make pots, grow food, raise animals and use better stone tools.
Homosapiens: The name used for people today.
Nomads/Hunter-gatherers: People who moved around all the time looking for food.
Neolithic Revolution: People start planting food (instead of just taking the food that grew normally) and having animals live with them (dogs, horses, goats, pigs).
Shrine: A place where religious objects are kept
Cro-Magnon: People who lived long ago whose skeletons are the same as today’s people. They were hunters and talked to each other.
Artisans: People who learned how to do special work by hand like making jewelry, weapons, tools or pottery.
Institution: Organization such as a government, religion, and economy which has rules to keep order.
Civilization: A way of life with cities, workers who are trained, institutions, people who write things down, new tools and ways to solve problems.
Specialization: To be able to do one kind of work really well like teacher, soldier, priest or farmer.
Bronze Age: People use bronze instead of copper or stone to make weapons or tools. It started 3000 B.C.
City-State or Polis: It was like its own country with its own government but had the same religion and culture of the people outside it.
Dynasty: When rulers or kings pass the job of ruling the country down to their sons.
Mummification: To take a body and make it a mummy using chemicals and drying it.
Hieroglyphics: Using pictures instead of words.
Feudalism: Type of government where lords or nobles are given land and the lords are loyal to the king and give him military help. The lords also protect the people living on their lands.
Migration: The moving of a group of people from one place to a different place to live.
Monotheism: To have only one God in the religion.
Tribute: The money paid to stronger country so it won’t attack your country.
Bureaucracy: The people who run the government.
Autocracy: A type of government where one person has all the power and everyone else has to do what he says.
Monarchy: A king or queen rules the country.
Aristocracy: A group of very rich people run the government in some city-states.
Oligarchy: A few rich and powerful people run the country.
Democracy: All people (usually just men) vote or make the choices for the country.
Civil War: A war between different groups of people in the same country.
Inflation: The money in the country is worth less and you have to pay a lot more money to buy the same things.
Religious Tolerance: People think everyone has a right to their own religion and it’s ok to have a different religion than yours.
Monopoly: One group of people owns all of some type of goods (like salt, alcohol or phone service) and you can only buy the goods from this group.
Centralized Government: A government that makes all the rules and people have to follow them.
Assimilation: To change your beliefs, values and language to be the same as the people in the new country you moved to.
Extended Family: To include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins with the parents and children to make a family.
Ice Age: From 1.6 million to 10,000 B.C. large moving ice moved south from the Artic Circle (top of the globe) and made parts of the ocean solid so people could walk over it to different countries.
Gentry: People with power and money who are also called upper class.
Foreign Trade: Trading food or other things with other countries.
Middle Ages: From 500 to 1500 A.D. was the medieval period after the Roman Empire stopped. In Europe, it caused many problems, knights fought and the church came much stronger.
Canon Law: The church made laws and had courts to deal with marriage and religious things.
Guild: A group of people who did the same kind of work.
Bubonic Plague: A disease that killed 25 million European people, caused high fever, painful swelling and purple or black spots on peoples’ skin. It was also called the Black Death and killed millions more people in Asia and Africa.
Matrilineal: The family is traced by the mothers instead of by fathers.
Renaissance: From 1300 to 1600 A.D. in Europe, people wrote books, made art and learned new things.
Colony: A land that is ruled by another country. The United States used to be a colony of England.
Slavery: People would be taken from their country and sold to people in another country to work for them.
Capitalism: People can make their own businesses to make money.
Mercantilism: The country that has the most money has the most power.
Skepticism: The idea that you can’t believe that anything is the truth.
Constitutional Monarchy: The kings and queens don’t make the rules, the Parliament does.
Enlightenment: People used science to understand why people act the way they do.
Boycott: People will not buy goods because they want something to change.
Federal System: Both the states and the country divided the power.
Revolution: To take over a government and change to a new government, usually using war or force.
Blockade: Have the ports where the ships come in blocked so the people couldn’t get things they needed.
Nationalism: People would only be with people who have the same history or culture. They didn’t want kings from another culture telling them what to do.
Romanticism: 1800’s people used emotion instead of science to change the government to democracy. It valued the regular people, not the rich people and focused on people’s feelings and the supernatural (ghosts, witches).
Realism: This showed life the way it is, not the way it should be in the 1850’s. Many workers from factories were poor and cameras were invented.
Industrial Revolution: Most of the goods were made in factories and by machines.
Democracy: The people who make the laws are picked by voting of the regular people.
Assembly Line: A line of workers who put one piece on a good (such as a car) to make the whole good.
Imperialism: A country that takes over another country and makes the people have the same beliefs and government as the country that took it over.
Racism: Thinking that one ethnic group (Hispanic, African American, White) is better than another ethnic group.
Annexation: To add land to a country.
Propaganda: Information that only persuades people to support one thing (like war).
Totalitarianism: The government has control over everything. The people don’t make any decisions.
Depression: People lose money and jobs; and goods are worth less money.
Fascism: The belief that people should be loyal to their country and countries need to fight because peaceful countries just get taken over by fighting countries. The government is ruled by a dictator (one person) who tells the people what to do.
Genocide: Killing of all people of a certain race or religion